Modern China is a period of rapid change and staggered development of social ideology. The blending and collision of Chinese and Western cultures has made Chinese architecture undergo diversified and complex changes in a short period. Among them, architectural decoration, as the most intuitive architectural language, records architecture history through the change of decorative style. Most of the existing studies on modern architectural decoration design in China focus on the aesthetic and humanistic values of decoration, ignoring that architectural decoration is a product of society and eras and lacking systematic perspectives to explore the social value and era significance of the change of modern Chinese architecturalornamentation. Therefore, this research initiated a tripartite approach, which includes the following: (1) establishing the theme research of architectural decoration and architects and bringing architects into the research category as social dynamic elements, (2) restoring the social environment of the change of modern Chinese architectural ornamentation from the perspective of social culture, and (3) exploring the era value and significance of the transformations in modern Chinese architectural decorative styles from the perspective of global history. Through the systematic research method, this study attempted to restore the historical context of the development and change of modern Chinese architectural decoration and comprehensively viewed the deep reasons for the change of modern Chinese architecturaldecoration style to enrich the theoretical system of modern Chinese architecturaldecoration research and to provide a new methodological reference for the future research mode of modern Chinese architectural decoration.